The Lord, according to Swedenborg, is love itself expressed through wisdom itself. In philosophic terms, love is the Lord’s substance and wisdom gives the substance form.
Of course, we feel the Lord’s love and hear his wisdom in many different ways, depending on our state in life and how receptive we are. That’s why the Lord has so many different names in the Bible, and is referred to in so many different ways.
Of all the names, though, “Jehovah” is the most special and most holy, because it refers to the Lord in terms of love, referring to his substance, love itself. Generally, then, we find “Jehovah” used within the context of a church that worships the Lord, and in connection with people who are growing in their connection with the Lord.
Passages from Swedenborg
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 624
- It is clear that a state which is not a state of the Church is the subject here from the fact that in this verse and those that follow in chapter the name God is used, whereas in previous verses it was Jehovah. When the Church does not exist the name God is used, but when it does exist, it is Jehovah; for example in Genesis 1, when the Church did not exist, He was called God, but in the next chapter when it did, He was called Jehovah God. ‘Jehovah’ is the holiest of names, and belongs to the Church alone. Not so ‘God’, for no nation was without gods. Consequently the same holiness was not attached to the name God. Nobody was allowed to utter the name Jehovah except him who had knowledge of the true faith; but anyone was allowed to utter the name God.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 709
- The name Jehovah is used because now the subject is charity. From verse 9 to the end of the previous chapter Jehovah is not used but God, the reason being that there the subject is the preparation of Noah, or the member of the Church called Noah, as regards things of his understanding, which are matters of faith. Here however it is the preparation of him as regards the things of his will, which are matters of love. When the subject is the things of the understanding, that is, the truths of faith, the name God is used, but when it is those of the will, that is, goods stemming from love, Jehovah is used. For it is not things of the understanding, that is, of faith, that constitute the Church but those of the will which are matters of love. Jehovah is present within love and charity, but not within faith except faith that inheres in love or charity. This also is why in the Word faith is compared to the night, but love to the daytime, as in Genesis 1 where the great lights are mentioned; the greater light, which is the sun and means love, has dominion over the day, while the lesser light, which is the moon and means faith, has dominion over the night, Gen. 1:14, 16. Similarly in the Prophets, Jer. 31:35; 33:20; Ps. 136:8, 9; also Rev. 8:12.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 1343
- That ‘Eber’ was a nation, the Hebrew nation, which took its name from ‘Eber’ as its forefather, and which means the worship in general of the second Ancient Church, is clear from the references to him in the historical sections of the Word. Because a new form of worship began with that nation, all those were called Hebrews whose worship was similar to it. Their worship was like that re-established at a later time among the descendants of Jacob, its chief features being that they called their God Jehovah and held sacrifices. The Most Ancient Church was of one mind in acknowledging the Lord and calling Him Jehovah, as is clear also from the early chapters of Genesis and elsewhere in the Word. The Ancient Church, that is, the Church after the Flood also acknowledged the Lord and called Him Jehovah, especially those who possessed internal worship and were called ‘the sons of Shem’. The remainder whose worship was external also acknowledged Jehovah and worshipped Him. But when internal worship became external, and still more when it became idolatrous, and when each nation started to have its own god to worship, the Hebrew nation retained the name of Jehovah and called their own God Jehovah. In this they were different from all other nations
[2] Along with external worship, Jacob’s descendants in Egypt, including Moses himself, lost knowledge even of this fact, that their God was called Jehovah. Consequently they had first of all to be taught that Jehovah was the God of the Hebrews, and the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, as becomes clear from the following in Moses,
Jehovah said to Moses, You and the elders of Israel shall go in to the king of Egypt, and you shall say to him, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has met with us; and now let us go, pray, a three days’ journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exod. 3:18.
In the same author,
Pharaoh said, Who is Jehovah that I should hearken to His voice to send Israel away? I do not know Jehovah, and moreover I will not send Israel away. And they said, The God of the Hebrews has met with us; let us go, pray, a three days’ journey into the wilderness, and let us sacrifice to Jehovah our God. Exod. 5:2, 3.
[3] The fact that Jacob’s descendants lost in Egypt, along with the worship, even the name of Jehovah becomes clear from the following in Moses,
Moses said to God, Behold, when I come to the children of Israel and say to them, The God of your fathers has sent me to you, and they say to me, What is His name? What shall I tell them? And God said to Moses, I Am Who I Am. And He said, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, I Am has sent me to you. And God said moreover to Moses, Thus shall you say to the children of Israel, Jehovah the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob, has sent me to you; this is My name for ever. Exod. 3:13-15.
[4] From this it is evident that even Moses did not know it and that they were distinguished from everyone else by the name of Jehovah, the God of the Hebrews. Hence also Jehovah is elsewhere called the God of the Hebrews,
You shall say to Pharaoh, Jehovah the God of the Hebrews has sent me to you. Exod. 7:16.
Go in to Pharaoh and say to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews. Exod. 9:1, 13.
Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and said to him, Thus said Jehovah the God of the Hebrews Exod. 10:3.
In Jonah,
I am a Hebrew, and I fear Jehovah, the God of heaven. Jonah 1:9.
And also in Samuel,
The Philistines heard the noise of the shouting and said, What does the noise of this great shouting in the camp of the Hebrews mean? And they learned that the Ark of Jehovah had come to the camp. The Philistines said, Woe to us! Who will deliver us from the hand of these mighty gods? These are the gods who smote the Egyptians with every sort of plague in the wilderness. Acquit yourselves like men, O Philistines, lest you be slaves to the Hebrews. 1 Sam 4:6, 8, 9.
Here also it is evident that nations were distinguished from one another by the gods whose names they called on, and that the Hebrew nation was distinguished by that of Jehovah.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 1735
- That ‘blessed be God Most High’ means the Lord’s Internal Man is clear from what has been stated just above concerning the Internal Man. Jehovah was called ‘God Most High’ in the Ancient Church for the reason that ‘height’ represented and therefore meant what is internal, so that ‘Most High’ meant that which is inmost. This is why the worship of the Ancient Church was celebrated on high places, mountains, and hills. Also, that which is inmost in relation to the exterior and outermost is exactly the same as that which is the most high in relation to lower and lowest. The Most High, or Inmost, is the Celestial element of Love, or Love itself. Jehovah, or the Lord’s Internal, was the Celestial element itself of Love, that is, it was Love itself, to which no other attributes are appropriate than those of pure Love and so of pure Mercy towards the whole human race, that Mercy being such that it wills to save all men, to make them eternally happy, and to impart to them all that is its Own – thus out of pure Mercy and by the mighty power of love to draw towards heaven, that is, towards Itself, all who are willing to follow. That Love itself is Jehovah. To Love alone, and to nothing else, is [the substantive verb] Am or Is truly applicable.
[2] From that Love the Being (Esse) of all life is derived, that is, Life itself is derived; for that Being is present within Love and is Love itself. And because Jehovah alone, since He alone is Love, is the Being (Esse) of life, or Life itself, every single thing has its being (esse) and its life from Him. Nor can anyone except Jehovah alone, that is, the Lord alone, be and live from himself. And because no one except the Lord alone can do so, men’s seeming to themselves to live from themselves is an illusion of the senses. Angels perceive clearly that they do not live from themselves but from the Lord, since they live in the Being (Esse) of the Lord’s life because they abide in His Love. Yet to them more than to all others there is granted, together with indescribable happiness, the appearance of living as if from themselves. This therefore is what is meant by living in the Lord, something that is not possible unless one lives in His Love, that is, in charity towards the neighbour.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 2001
- The name ‘God’ is used because God Shaddai whom Abram worshipped represents the Lord, and also because truth that was to be united to good is the subject. This is evident from what has been stated already. In the Word the Lord is sometimes called Jehovah, sometimes Jehovah God, also the Lord Jehovih, and sometimes God; and there is always a hidden reason for this in the internal sense. When love or good is the subject, or the celestial Church, the name JEHOVAH is used, but when faith or truth is the subject, or the spiritual Church, GOD is used. This is invariably so, the reason being that the Lord’s actual Being (Esse) consists of love, and the Being (Esse) emanating from it consists of faith, 709, 732. Here therefore God is used because the subject is truth that was to be united to good. A second reason here is that the Lord was willing to be represented as the god Shaddai, whom Abram worshipped. This is why the name God is retained in what follows, for in this chapter the name Jehovah is mentioned only once but God several times, as in verses 7, 8, 15, 18, 19, 22, 23.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 2921
- ‘My lord, you are a prince of God in the midst of us’ means the Lord as regards Divine good and truth with them. This is clear from the meaning of ‘a lord’ and of ‘a prince of God’, and from the meaning of ‘in the midst of us’. The fact that the expression ‘lord’ is used when good is the subject is clear from the Old Testament Word, for there Jehovah is sometimes called Jehovah, sometimes God, sometimes Lord, sometimes Jehovah God, sometimes Lord Jehovih, sometimes Jehovah Zebaoth, and always for a hidden reason which cannot be known except from the internal sense. In general when the celestial things of love, that is, when good, are dealt with, the name Jehovah is used, but when the spiritual things of faith are dealt with, the name God is used. And when both together are dealt with, the names Jehovah God are used. When however the Divine power of good, that is, when omnipotence is the subject, Jehovah Zebaoth (or Jehovah of Hosts), and also the Lord, are used; so that the names Jehovah Zebaoth and the name the Lord have the same sense and meaning. From this also, that is to say, from the power of good, men and angels are called ‘lords’, and in the contrary sense those are called servants or slaves who have no power at all or else have a power received from their lords. From these considerations it becomes clear that here ‘my lord’ in the internal sense means the Lord as regards good, which in what follows below will be illustrated from the Word. ‘A prince of God’ however means the Lord as regards the power of truth, that is, as regards truth, as becomes clear from the meaning of ‘a prince’ or ‘princes’ as first and foremost truths, dealt with in 1482, 2089, and from the fact that the phrase ‘a prince of God’ is used, for the name God is used when truth is dealt with but the name Jehovah when good is dealt with, 2586, 2769, 2807, 2822.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 6945
- ‘For they will say, Jehovah has not appeared to you’ means the Divine within the Lord’s Human. This is clear from the meaning of saying’ as perception, dealt with often, in this instance the perception of those who belong to the spiritual Church; and from the meaning of ‘Jehovah has appeared’ as the appearance of the Lord’s Divine within His Human. The fact that this kind of appearance is meant by a visual appearance is self-evident; and the fact that ‘Jehovah’ is the Lord in respect of the Divine itself and in respect of the Divine Human is dealt with in 1736, 2004, 2005, 2018, 2025, 2156, 2329, 2921, 3023, 3035, 5041, 5663, 6281, 6303, 6905. That ‘Jehovah has appeared’ means the appearance of the Lord’s Divine within His Human is also evident from the consideration that His Divine cannot appear to anyone, not even to an angel, except through the Divine Human; nor can the Divine Human except through Divine Truth which goes forth from Him. The subject here in the internal sense is the deliverance of those who belonged to the spiritual Church. Their deliverance was effected by means of the Lord’s Coming into the world, see 2661, 2716, 3969, 6854, 6914; and these specifically were saved by means of the Lord’s Divine Human, 2716, 2833, 2834.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 7194
- ‘And by My name Jehovah I was not known to them’ means that in a state involving temptations those who belonged to the spiritual Church gave no thought to Divine things that the Church possesses. This is clear from the meaning of ‘the name of Jehovah’ as everything in its entirety by which God is worshipped, dealt with in 2724, 3006, 6674, thus everything Divine within the Church (‘the name of Jehovah’ is used strictly speaking to mean the Lord’s Divine Human, 2628, 6887, and since the whole of faith and the whole of love, which are the Divine things within the Church, come through and from His Divine Human, everything in its entirety composing Divine worship is meant by that Human); and from the meaning of ‘not being known’ as a situation in which people have no knowledge of, that is, give no thought to those things – Divine things within the Church – that is to say, during a state involving temptations, which are meant by ‘God Shaddai’. That is the reason why it says that He was known to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but not by His name Jehovah. This is the internal sense of these words; but the external or historical sense is different. From this sense it becomes clear that Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob did not worship Jehovah but God Shaddai, see 1992, 3667, 5628, and that Abraham did not know Jehovah, 1756, 2559. Yet the name Jehovah appears in the historical narratives concerning Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; and the reasons for this are that this part of the Word was written by Moses, to whom Jehovah’s name was made known, and that Jehovah’s name is used in those historical narratives for the sake of the internal sense. For throughout the Word Jehovah is used when the good of love is referred to, but God when the truth of faith is referred to, 709, 732, 1096, 2586, 2769, 2807, 2822, 3921 (end), 4402.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 9315
- ‘When My angel goes before you’ means a life in keeping with the Lord’s commandments. This is clear from the meaning of ‘going before you’ – when it refers to the Lord, who is ‘the angel of Jehovah’ here – as teaching the commandments of faith and life, and therefore also a life in keeping with those commandments, (‘going’ and ‘travelling on’ mean living, see 1293, 3335, 4882, 5493, 5605, 8417, 8420, 8557, 8559); and from the meaning of ‘the angel of Jehovah’ as the Lord’s Divine Human, dealt with above in 9303, 9306. The reason why the Lord’s Divine Human is meant by ‘the angel’ is that the numerous angels who appeared in times before the Lord’s Coming into the world were Jehovah Himself in human form, that is, in that of an angel. This is plainly evident from the fact that angels who appeared were called Jehovah, such as those who appeared to Abraham and are spoken of in Genesis 18. The fact that they were called Jehovah may be seen in verses 1, 13, 14, 17, 20, 26, 33, of that chapter, as was the one who appeared to Gideon and is spoken of in Judges 6. The fact that this angel too was called Jehovah may be seen in verses 12, 14, 16, 22-24, of that chapter. The same may be seen in other places besides these. Jehovah Himself in human form, or what amounts to the same thing, in that of an angel, was the Lord.
Apocalypse Revealed (Rogers) n. 193
193.�“‘And I will write on him the name of My God.'” This symbolically means that they will have Divine truth engraved on their hearts.
To engrave something on someone means, symbolically, to engrave it on him so that it is in him as something his own, and the name of My God symbolizes Divine truth.
Here we must say something about My God’s being Divine truth. In countless places the Word of the Old Testament uses the name Jehovah God, and also the two terms separately, saying sometimes Jehovah, sometimes God; and Jehovah means the Lord in respect to Divine good, while God means the Lord in respect to Divine truth. Or to say the same thing, Jehovah means the Lord in respect to Divine love, and God means the Lord in respect to Divine wisdom. Both terms are used because of the heavenly marriage in every part of the Word, which is a marriage of love and wisdom or a marriage of goodness and truth. Concerning this marriage, see The Doctrine of the New Jerusalem Regarding the Sacred Scripture, nos. 80�90.
[2] The Word of the New Testament does not use the name Jehovah God, but instead Lord God, for like Jehovah, the term Lord symbolizes Divine good or Divine love.
It can be seen from this that the name of My God symbolizes the Lord’s Divine truth.
A name, when used of the Lord, means everything by which He is worshiped, as may be seen no. 81 above, and everything by which He is worshiped has some relation to Divine good and Divine truth.
Because people do not know the meaning of these words of the Lord, “‘Father, glorify Your name,’ and a voice came from heaven, saying, ‘I have both glorified it and will glorify it again,'”* therefore we will say what they mean. When the Lord was in the world, He made His humanity the embodiment of Divine truth, which is also the Word, and when He departed from the world, He fully united the Divine truth to the Divine good that He had in Him from conception. For the Lord glorified His humanity, or made it Divine, in the same way that He makes a person spiritual. That is, He first instills in a person truths from the Word, and afterward unites these to goodness, and by that union makes the person spiritual.
*�John 12:28.
True Christian Religion (Rose) n. 19
- 19
The one God is called Jehovah from “being,” that is, from the fact that he alone is [and was] and will be, and that he is the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End, the Alpha and the Omega. “Jehovah” means “I am” and “to be,” as is generally known. We know from the Book of Creation, or Genesis, that God was called “Jehovah” from most ancient times. In the first chapter he is called “God,” but in the second and subsequent chapters he is called “Jehovah God.” Later on the descendants of Abraham through Jacob forgot the name of God owing to their long sojourn in Egypt. Then in the event recorded in the following passage it was recalled to memory:
Moses said to God, “What is your name?” God said, “I Am I Who Am. So you will say to the Children of Israel, ‘I Am sent me to you.’ And you will say, Jehovah, the God of your fathers, sent me to you. This is my name to eternity, and this is how I will be remembered from generation to regeneration.” (Exodus 3:13-15)
Since God alone is “I Am” and being, or “Jehovah,” therefore nothing exists in the created universe that does not derive its underlying reality from him. (How this happens will be discussed below [21, 75, 76, 78].) The same thing is meant by these words: “I am the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End, the Alpha and the Omega” (Isaiah 44:6 and Revelation 1:8, 11; 22:13). This means that on every level of existence he is the one and only entity, the source of all things. [2] God is called the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, because alpha is the first letter in the Greek alphabet and omega is the last; so together they mean all things as a whole.
In the spiritual world, every alphabetical letter has a meaning. A vowel, because it carries tone, means a feeling or some kind of love. Spiritual and angelic speech, and also writing, depends on these meanings – but this is a mystery that has not been known until now. There is in fact a universal language shared by all angels and spirits. It has nothing in common with any human language in our world. After death everyone inherits that language, because it is latent in everyone from creation. In the spiritual world, then, everyone can understand everyone else. I have often been allowed to hear that language. I have compared it with languages in the physical world and have ascertained that it has not even the least thing in common with any earthly language. It differs by its very origin, which is that every letter of every word has a meaning. This is why God is here called the Alpha and the Omega, meaning that on every level of existence he is the one and only entity, the source of all things. (For more on how this language and its written form flow from angels’ spiritual thought, see the work Marriage Love 326-329; see also what follows in this work [280].)
True Christian Religion (Rose) n. 81
81
Chapter 2
The Lord the Redeemer
THE previous chapter was on God the Creator, and also included material on creation. This chapter is on the Lord the Redeemer, and also includes material on redemption. The following chapter is on the Holy Spirit, and will also include material on divine action.
By “the Lord, the Redeemer” we mean Jehovah in his human manifestation. In what follows, we will show that Jehovah himself came down and took on a human manifestation for the purpose of redeeming.
We speak of “the Lord” rather than “Jehovah” because Jehovah of the Old Testament is called “the Lord” in the New, as you can see from the following passages. In Moses it says, “Hear, O Israel, Jehovah your God, Jehovah is one. You are to love Jehovah God with all your heart and with all your soul” (Deuteronomy 6:4-5); but in Mark it says, “The Lord your God is one Lord. You are to love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul” (Mark 12:29-30). Likewise in Isaiah it says, “Prepare a way for Jehovah; make a level pathway in the solitude for our God” (Isaiah 40:3); but in Luke it says, “I will go before the face of the Lord to prepare the way for him” (Luke 1:76). There are other instances elsewhere.
Furthermore, the Lord commanded his disciples to call him Lord [John 13:13]. Therefore this is what he was called by the apostles in their letters, and afterward what he was called in the apostolic church, as is clear from its creed, called the Apostles Creed.
One reason for this change of names was that the Jews did not dare to say the name Jehovah, because of its holiness. Another reason is that “Jehovah” means the underlying divine reality, which existed from eternity; but the human aspect that he took on in time was not that underlying reality. The nature of the underlying divine reality or Jehovah was shown in the previous chapter, 18-26, 27-35.
Because of this, here and in what follows when we say “the Lord” we mean Jehovah in his human manifestation.
The concept of the Lord has an excellence that surpasses all other concepts that exist in the church or even in heaven. Therefore we need to adhere to an orderly sequence, as in the following, to make this concept clear:
- Jehovah, the Creator of the universe, came down and took on a human manifestation in order to redeem people and save them.
- He came down as the divine truth, which is the Word; but he did not separate the divine goodness from it.
- In the process of taking on a human manifestation, he followed his own divine design.
- The human manifestation in which he sent himself into the world is what is called “the Son of God.”
- Through acts of redemption the Lord became justice.
- Through these same acts he united himself to the Father and the Father united himself to him, again following the divine design.
- Through this process God became human and a human became God in one person.
- When he was being emptied out he was in a state of progress toward union; when he was being glorified he was in a state of union itself.
- From now on, no Christians will go to heaven unless they believe in the Lord God the Savior and turn to him alone.