There are many instances in the Bible which describe people turning back, looking back or going back. In most cases it is a negative, sometimes devastatingly so (as with Lot’s wife, turned to a pillar of salt when she looked back at the destruction of Sodom). In general, according to Swedenborg, this represents our state when we are advancing to a new spiritual level and find ourselves wishing for the comfort and ease of the old one – going back represents a return to an earlier, inferior stage.
The meaning of “back” is more literal when it is connected to objects. When someone takes something back or gives something back, the spiritual meaning is mostly centered on the object in question and the people performing the action.
Passages from Swedenborg
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 1717
- That ‘he brought back all the acquisitions’ means that the Interior Man brought all things in the External Man back into a state of agreement becomes clear from the meaning of ‘bringing back all the acquisitions’, the acquisitions here being the things which Chedorlaomer and the kings with him had taken from their enemies, as described in what has gone before. ‘Chedorlaomer and the kings with him’ meant the goods and truths in the Exterior Man. They did not take from their enemies anything apart from depriving them of the power to do evil and to think falsity, which was meant by ‘the wealth of Sodom and Gomorrah’ and by all the food they took, dealt with above at verse 11.
[2] This is not a matter that can be explained briefly, yet to gain some notion concerning it, let the following be said. A person who is engaged in the conflicts that constitute temptations, and who overcomes, more and more acquires to himself power over evil spirits, that is, over the devil’s crew, till at length they do not dare to tempt him at all. Every time a victory is won, the Lord brings back into a state of order the goods and truths from which the battle was fought, and so they are purified. And to the degree that these are purified, the celestial things of love are implanted in the exterior man, and a correspondence is achieved. This is what is meant by ‘bringing back all the acquisitions’.
[3] Anyone who thinks that the external man can be brought back into correspondence without the conflicts brought about by temptations is mistaken; for temptations are the means by which evils and falsities are dispelled, also by which goods and truths are introduced, and by which the things belonging to the external man are brought into obedience so that it may serve the interior or rational man, and through the latter may serve the internal man, that is, the Lord who operates by way of the internal man. That these things are effected by temptations nobody can know except the person who has been regenerated by means of temptations. But how this is accomplished can hardly be described even as to its most general features, for it is accomplished without the person’s knowing the origin and manner of its accomplishment, since it is a Divine operation by the Lord.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 2417
- ‘Do not look back behind you’ means that he was not to look to matters of doctrine. This is clear from the meaning of ‘looking back behind him’ when the city was behind him and the mountain in front of him; for ‘a city’ means doctrinal teaching, 402, 2268, 2451, while ‘a mountain’ means love and charity, 795, 1430. That this is the meaning will be evident in the explanation at verse 26, where it is said that his wife looked back behind him and she became a pillar of salt. Anyone may recognize that these words – ‘looking back behind him’ – have some Divine arcanum within them and that this lies too far down to be visible. For looking back behind him seems to involve nothing reprehensible at all, and yet it is of such great importance that it is said that he was to escape for his life, that is, he was to be concerned about his life to eternity by not looking back behind him. What is meant by looking to matters of doctrine however will be seen in what follows.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 2454
- That ‘his wife looked back behind him’ means that truth turned away from good and looked towards matters of doctrine is clear from the meaning of ‘looking back behind him’ and from the meaning of ‘a wife’. Looking back behind him means looking towards matters of doctrine, which have a relationship with truth, and not towards life in accordance with them, which has a relationship with good, as stated above in 2417. That which is secondary is referred to as ‘behind him’ and that which is primary as ‘before him’. The fact that truth is secondary and good primary has been shown quite often. For truth belongs to good, since the essence and life of truth is good. ‘Looking behind him’ therefore means looking towards truth which constitutes doctrinal teaching, and not towards good which constitutes life in accordance with doctrinal teaching. That these points are what is meant becomes quite clear from the Lord’s words, where also, referring to the final period of the Church or close of the age, He says in Luke,
On that day, whoever will be on the housetop with his vessels in the house, let him not come down to take them away; and whoever is in the field, let him likewise not turn back to behind him. Remember Lot’s wife. Luke 17:31, 32.
[2] These words of the Lord are by no means intelligible without the internal sense, and so are unintelligible unless one knows what is meant by ‘being on the housetop’, by ‘vessels in the house’, by ‘coming down to take them away’, by ‘the field’, and lastly by ‘turning back to behind him’. According to the internal sense ‘being on the housetop’ means resting on good; for ‘a house’ means good, see 710, 2231, 2233. ‘Vessels in the house’ means truths which belong to good; for truths are the vessels for good, see 1496, 1832, 1900, 2063, 2269. ‘Going down to take them away’ means, as is evident, turning away from good towards truth, for since good is primary it is also higher, while truth, being secondary, is also lower. That ‘the field’ is the Church, so called from the seed which it receives, and consequently that those people are ‘fields’ in whom there is the good taught by doctrine, is clear from many places in the Word. These considerations show what ‘turning back to behind him’ means, namely turning away from good and looking towards matters of doctrine. And it is because these things are meant by the expression ‘Lot’s wife’, that ‘remember Lot’s wife’ is added. The reason it is not said that she looked ‘behind herself’ but ‘behind him’ is that ‘Lot’ means good, see 2324, 2351, 2371, 2399. This explains why, when Lot was told what to do, verse 17, the words used were, ‘Do not lookback behind you’.
[3] The reason why in Luke it is said ‘let him not turn back to behind him’ and not ‘to the things behind him’ is that celestial people are unwilling even to mention anything that is a matter of doctrine, see 202, 337. This is why no such thing is mentioned in Luke, only the words ‘to behind him’.
[4] These same matters are described in Matthew as follows,
When you see the abomination of desolation, foretold by the prophet Daniel, then let those who are in Judea flee into the mountains. Let him who is on the housetop not go down to take anything away out of his house; and let him who is in the field not return back to take his clothes. Matt. 24:15-17.
Here ‘the abomination of desolation’ is the state of the Church when there is no love and no charity. When these have been destroyed abominable things predominate. ‘Judea’ means the Church, and in particular the celestial Church, as is evident from both the historical and prophetical sections throughout the Old Testament Word, while ‘the mountains into which they were to flee’ means love to the Lord and consequent charity towards the neighbour, see 795, 1430, 1691. ‘He who is on the housetop’ means good flowing from love, as stated just above. ‘Going down to take anything away out of his house’ means turning away from good towards truth, as has also been stated above, while ‘he who is in the field’ means members of the spiritual Church, as is evident from the meaning of ‘field’ in the Word. ‘Let him not return back to take his clothes’ means not turning away from good towards truth that constitutes doctrinal teaching – ‘clothes’ meaning truths, for truths clothe good like garments, see 1073. Anyone may see that all those things which the Lord has said in that section about the close of the age mean things altogether different and embody arcana, such as that those in Judea were to flee into the mountains, that the one on the housetop was not to go down and bring anything out of the house, and that the one in the field was not to return back to take his clothes. Similar to this is the statement in verse 17 that Lot was not to look back behind him, and that made here that his wife did look back behind him and became a pillar of salt. In addition this matter is clear from the meaning of ‘a wife’ as truth, dealt with in 915, 1468, and from the meaning of ‘Lot’ as good, dealt with in 2324, 2351, 2371, 2399; hence the words ‘after him’.
[5] Truth is said to turn away from good and look towards matters of doctrine when the member of the Church no longer takes to heart what kind of life he leads, only what kind of doctrine he possesses. Yet it is life according to doctrine, not doctrine separate from life, that makes anyone a member of the Church; for when doctrine is separated from life, then because good, in which life consists, has been vastated, truth as well, in which doctrine consists, is vastated, that is, it becomes ‘a pillar of salt’. This is something anyone who looks to doctrine alone and not to life may know, by considering whether, even though doctrine teaches such things, he in fact believes in the resurrection, heaven, hell, and indeed the Lord, and so in everything else which doctrine teaches.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 3614
- ‘Until your brother’s wrath turns back’ means until the state changes; and ‘until your brother’s anger turns back from you’ means the subsequent stage of the state with natural good. This is clear from the meaning of ‘wrath’ and of ‘anger’ as states that are antagonistic to each other, dealt with below. And when these states become such that they cease to be antagonistic any longer and begin to join together, wrath is said to turnback and anger to turn back. Consequently ‘until your brother’s wrath turnsback’ means until the state changes, and ‘until your brother’s anger turnsback’ means the subsequent stage of the state with natural good. ‘Wrath’ implies something different from ‘anger’, as may be seen from the fact that in addition to their being similar expressions it is a pointless repetition to say, ‘Until your brother’s wrath turns back’ and then ‘until your brother’s anger turns back’. What each implies is evident from the general explanation and also from that to which wrath and anger are each used to refer. ‘Wrath’ is used in reference to truth, in this case to the truth of good, represented by ‘Esau’, while ‘anger’ is used in reference to that good itself.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 3712
- ‘And will bring you back to this ground’ means conjunction with doctrine that is Divine. This is clear from the meaning of ‘bringing back’ as joining together once again, and from the meaning of ‘the ground’ as the doctrine of good and truth within the natural man, dealt with in 268, 566, 990, in this case Divine doctrine since Jacob’s sojourning with Laban represents the intervening means through which the Lord made Divine the Natural, and Jacob’s being brought back or resumed to the land of Canaan represents the end of the intervening means, that is to say, when He had made the Natural Divine. Accordingly ‘I will bring you back to this ground’ means conjunction with Divine doctrine. Divine doctrine is Divine Truth, and Divine Truth is the Word of the Lord in its entirety. Divine doctrine itself constitutes the Word in the highest sense, in which the only subject is the Lord. As a consequence Divine doctrine also constitutes the Word in the internal sense, in which the Lord’s kingdom in heaven and on earth is the subject.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 5624
- ‘And the silver that was put back in the mouth of your pouches you are to take back in your hand’ means that through the truth freely given and present in the exterior natural they were to make themselves submissive as far as was possible. This is clear from the meaning of ‘the silver that was putback’ as truth freely given, dealt with in 5530; from the meaning of ‘in the mouth of a sack’ as in the opening of the exterior natural, dealt with in 5497; and from the meaning of ‘in the hand’ as within one’s power, dealt with immediately above in 5623, thus as far as possible. Making themselves submissive through that truth is meant by the instruction that ‘they were to put back’ the silver; for when people in the spiritual world ‘take back’ truth to the Lord from whom they have received it freely they are making themselves submissive through it. But in what way they made themselves submissive through such truth is evident from the conversation, included in verses 18-24, which they had with the man who was over Joseph’s house.