Swedenborg says that when someone is “accused” in the Bible, it represents a sort of spiritual accusation: It’s an attack aimed not at a person, but at the spiritual ideas represented by that person. In general, then, it represents being opposed to doctrinal ideas, which (when it is true doctrine) means actively resisting concepts of the Lord and his wishes.
Passages from Swedenborg
Apocalypse Revealed (Rogers) n. 554
554. For the accuser of our brethren, which accused them before our God day and night, has been cast down. This symbolically means that by the Last Judgment those were removed who stood in opposition to the doctrine of the New Church.
The dragon’s being cast down means, symbolically, that those meant by the dragon were removed. They were removed by being cast down from heaven into the world of spirits, as we said before, and after that into hell, which was the Last Judgment on them. Brethren mean people who have the doctrine of the New Jerusalem and live in accordance with it. To accuse means, symbolically, to stand in opposition to a doctrine, to charge that it is false, and to expostulate against it. And because those meant by the dragon do this continually as though before God, the dragon is called the accuser of our brethren which accused them before God day and night.
The devil does this, too, whenever it tempts or subjects to trial, for it draws out various thoughts from a person which it labels as false and condemns.
Apocalypse Explained (Tansley) n. 746
746. Because the accuser of our brethren is cast down.- That this signifies after those have been separated from heaven, and condemned to hell, who fought against the life of faith, which is charity, is evident from the signification of being cast down, when said of the dragon, as denoting that those meant by the dragon were separated from heaven and condemned to hell (concerning which see above, n. 739, 742), and from the signification of the accuser of our brethren, as denoting those who fought against the life of faith, which is charity. For an accuser signifies one who attacks, rebukes, and reproaches, for he who accuses also attacks, rebukes, and reproaches; moreover, in the original, an adversary and one who reproaches are expressed by the same word. What is wonderful, although those who are dragons make no account of life, yet they accuse the faithful in the spiritual world, if they observe [in them] any evil of ignorance, for they inquire into their life in order that they may reproach and condemn them, and therefore they are called accusers.
Apocalypse Explained (Tansley) n. 747
747. Who accuseth them before God day and night.- That this signifies, and who have rebuked them and disputed with them continually from the Word, is evident from the signification of accusing, as denoting to fight against (concerning which see above, n. 746), consequently it means to rebuke and to dispute with, for he who accuses also disputes and rebukes; from the signification of before God, as denoting from the Word (of which we shall speak presently); and from the signification of day and night, as denoting continually and without intermission; for day and night signify all states of life, day signifying the state of the life when the mind is in clear thought, and night, when the mind is in obscure thought. These two states of life mean continually, because, in the spiritual world, there is no division of times into years, months, weeks, days, and hours, but instead of these there are changes of state; for angels and spirits there are sometimes in clear thought, and sometimes in obscure thought. That angels and spirits are alternately in a state of clear perception, and in a state of obscure perception, may be seen in Heaven and Hell (n. 154-161). But individually their states succeed each other variously, as from one affection into another; and it is according to these states that angels and spirits reckon their times, they are thus in the place of times in the world, which are years, months, weeks, days, nights, and hours. Because then their states of life in general change as to clearness or obscurity of the understanding, and thus are in a continual succession, so days and nights signify continually. To accuse before God signifies to rebuke and dispute from the Word, because those who are meant by the dragon – and these are they who separate faith from life – argue and dispute from the Word; and to dispute from the Word is to dispute before God, for God is in the Word, since the Word is from God, and is Divine Truth proceeding from the Lord. This is why it is said in John, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and God was the Word” (i. 1). These dispute in favour of faith separated from the life of charity, because they confirm their heresy from certain passages in the Word understood according to the letter only; and when they have thus confirmed it they believe it to be the essential truth of the church although it is a falsity. In general, to accuse day and night signifies the continual influx of falsity from those meant by the dragon; and as their falsities are from the Word falsified, therefore this is signified by accusing before God.