Galilee was the northernmost province of Biblical Judea, a hilly area relatively remote from the center of Jewish culture in Jerusalem and bordered by foreigners on three sides. As such, it had a higher foreign population and more foreign influence than the rest of the nation; because of this it was considered a bit disreputable and not quite as wholly Jewish as the rest of the nation. This is reflected in the Bible when those observing the miracles of Jesus remark on the unlikely idea of the Messiah coming from Galilee.
It makes sense, then, that when Galilee is mentioned in the Bible, it is in reference to the Gentiles, to the spiritual states of non-Jews. And indeed, the teachings of Jesus found homes more readily outside Judea than inside it.
Passages from Swedenborg
Apocalypse Explained (Tansley) n. 376
(29)By a marriage here, as elsewhere in the Word throughout, is signified the church; in Cana of Galilee that amongst the Gentiles; and by water is signified the truth of the external church, such as was the truth of the Jewish Church from the sense of the letter of the Word; and by wine is signified the truth of the internal church, such as is the truth of the Christian Church. Hence the Lord’s making the water wine, signifies that He would make the truths of the external church truths of the internal church, by opening the internal things that lay concealed in them.
Apocalypse Explained (Tansley) n. 477
[5] Zebulun and Naphtali also signify the conjunction of truth and good by combat against falsities and evils, and consequent reformation, in these words in Matthew:
Jesus “leaving Nazareth, came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zebulun and Naphtali; that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet, saying, The land of Zebulun, and the land of Naphtali, by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles; the people which sat in darkness saw a great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up. From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent; for the kingdom of heaven is at hand” (iv. 13-17; Isaiah ix. 1, 2).
That these words in Isaiah were spoken concerning the Lord, is evident, for it is said, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet “wherefore the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, also Galilee of the Gentiles,” signify the establishment of the church with the Gentiles, who are in the good of life and receive truths, and are thus in the conjunction thereof, and in combat against evil and falsities. That the establishment of the church and the reformation of such Gentiles are there meant, is also evident from the statement that it was “beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles,” and also that the people who sat in darkness saw a great light, and that to them that sat in the region and shadow of death light sprang up.