Swedenborg says that marriages among people – both in the Bible and in life – represent spiritual marriage. Women represent the desire to be good and to do good things; men represent the understanding of how to be good and how to do good things. Each one of us, male or female, can experience that marriage within us if we work to learn about the Lord and dedicate ourselves to doing the Lord’s will.
And just as natural marriages produce children, so do spiritual marriages. Daughters represent affections, the emotional response we have to good things and positive ideas. Sons represent those positive ideas, facts and knowledge leading to a greater understanding.
This makes sense if you think about it. If in life you’re working to be a good person and thinking about how to do that, finding a nugget of wisdom is a joyful thing. Finding a way to be good to someone and serve them is a joyful thing as well (it helps if they appreciate it, but that’s not really the point). That joy, that affection for what is true and what is good, is a “daughter.”
On a broader level, daughters also sometimes represent churches, since churches are based on an affection for truth. And as with all representations, the meaning of “daughter” can also be reversed, representing the thrill of evil.
Passages from Swedenborg
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 489
489. ‘Sons and daughters’ means the truths and goods which they perceived, ‘sons to be exact meaning the truths and ‘daughters’ the goods. This becomes clear from very many places in the Prophets. For in the Word, as happened in earliest times, conceptions and births of the Church are called ‘sons and daughters’, as in Isaiah,
Nations will walk to your light, and kings to the brightness of your rising. Lift up your eyes round about and see; they all gather and they come towards you. Your sons will come from far, and your daughters will be nursed at your side. Then you will see and abound, and your heart will be astounded and enlarged. Isa. 60:3-5.
Here ‘sons’ stands for truths and ‘daughters’ for goods. In David,
Rescue me and snatch me from the hand of sons of the foreigner, whose mouths speak lies. Our sons are like plants made large in their youth, our daughters like corner-pillars cut in the form of the temple. Ps. 144:11, 12.
‘Sons of the foreigner’ stands for spurious truths, which are falsities, ‘our sons’ for matters of doctrine concerning truth, and ‘daughters’ for matters of doctrine concerning good. In Isaiah,
I will say to the north, Give up; and to the south, Do not withhold. Bring My sons from afar and My daughters from the end of the earth. Bring forth the blind people, and they will have eyes, and the deaf, who will have ears. Isa. 43:6, 8.
Here ‘sons’ stands for truths, ‘daughters’ for goods, ‘the blind’ for people who will see truths, and ‘the deaf’ for those who comply with them. In Jeremiah,
From our youth shame is devouring the work of our fathers – their flocks, their herds, their sons, and their daughters. Jer. 3:24.
Here ‘sons and daughters’ stands for truths and goods.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 490
490. Many times in the Word ‘daughter’ stands for goods, as in David,
Daughters of kings are among your precious ones, at your right hand stands the queen in the finest gold of Ophir. The daughter of Tyre is there with a gift. All glorious is the king’s daughter within, in her clothing of gold embroidery. Instead of your fathers will be your sons. Ps. 45:9-16.
Here the good and beauty of love and faith are described as ‘a daughter’. This is why Churches are called ‘daughters’, and especially by virtue of goods, for example, ‘the daughter of Zion and the daughter of Jerusalem’ in Isa. 37:22, and frequently elsewhere. They are also called ‘the daughters of [My] people’ in Isa. 22:4, ‘the daughter of Tarshish’ in Isa. 23:10 ‘the daughter of Sidon’ in Isa. 23:10, and ‘daughters in the field’ in Ezek. 26:6, 8.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 568
568. ‘Daughters’ means the things that constituted the will of that man, and so means evil desires. This is clear from what has been stated and shown about sons and daughters at verse 4 of the previous chapter, where ‘sons’ meant truths and ‘daughters’ goods. ‘Daughters’ or goods constitute the will. But as is a person’s character so is his understanding and his will, and so therefore his ‘sons and daughters’. At the moment the subject is the corrupt human type who has no will but merely evil desire instead, which people imagine to be the will and actually call the will. For any attribute is determined by the nature of the subject to which it is attributed. As shown already, the human type to whom ‘daughters’ are attributed here is a corrupt type.
[2] The reason ‘daughters’ means things constituting the will, which are evil desires when the will for good is non-existent, while ‘sons’ means those constituting the understanding, which are delusions when the understanding of truth is non-existent, is that the female disposition and make-up is such that the will or evil desire reigns rather than understanding. Every one of their fibres runs in that direction; and it is their very nature. The male make-up however is such that the understanding or reason reigns; every one of their fibres too runs in that direction, and it is their very nature. Consequently the marriage of the two sexes is like that of the will and the understanding in the individual. And because nowadays the will for good does not exist, but only evil desire, when yet it is possible for something of the understanding or reason to exist, so many laws were for that reason laid down in the Jewish Church concerning the husband’s rights and the wife’s obedience.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 2461
2461. ‘His two daughters with him’ means as did affections deriving from that good. This is clear from the meaning of ‘daughters’ as affections, dealt with in 489-491. But as is the good so are the affections deriving from it. Even spurious and impure good has its own affections, for all people have an affection for the things which they suppose to be good, whatever the actual nature of those things, since they are the objects of their love.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 3024
3024.’That you do not take a wife for my son from the daughters of the Canaanites’ means that the Divine Rational should not be joined to any affection incompatible with truth. This is clear from the meaning of ‘taking a woman’ as being joined by means of the marriage covenant; from the meaning of ‘my son’, namely Isaac, as the Lord’s Divine Rational, dealt with in 1893, 2066, 2083, 2630; from the meaning of ‘daughters’ as affections, dealt with in 489-491, 568, 2362; and from the meaning of ‘the Canaanites’ as evil, dealt with in 1444, 1573, 1574. Consequently ‘the daughters of the Canaanites’ are affections incompatible with truth. The subject here is Divine truth which was to be allied to the Divine good of the Lord’s Rational, as may be seen in 3013 under ‘Contents’. ‘A woman’ who was to be associated by means of a marriage covenant is used to mean that truth itself which is summoned from the natural man in the normal manner. ‘My son’ is used to mean the Lord’s Rational as regards the good with which it was to be allied or associated. From this one may recognize that the command not to take a wife for his son from the daughters of the Canaanites means that the Divine Rational should not be joined to any affection incompatible with truth. All joining of truth to good is effected by means of affection, for no truth ever enters the rational part of a person’s mind or is joined to it except by means of affection, for affection has within it the good that flows from love, which good alone effects the joining together, 1895, as also anyone may know who stops to reflect on it.
[2] As regards ‘the daughters of the Canaanites’ meaning affections incompatible with truth, that is, affections for what is false, this becomes clear from the meaning of ‘daughters’. For the noun ‘daughters’ occurs in many places in the Word, and in these anyone may see that it is not used to mean daughters. By such expressions as ‘the daughter of Zion’, ‘the daughter of Jerusalem’, ‘the daughter of Tarshish’, ‘the daughter of My people’, affections for good and truth are meant, as shown in the paragraphs referred to above. And since affections for good and truth are meant so also are Churches, for Churches are Churches by virtue of these affections. Consequently ‘the daughter of Zion’ means the celestial Church, and means this by virtue of the affection for good, whereas ‘the daughter of Jerusalem’ means the spiritual Church from the affection for truth, 2362. And it is the same with ‘the daughter of My people’ in Isa. 22:4; Jer. 6:14, 26; 8:19, 21, 22; 9:1; 14:17; Lam. 2:11; 4:6; Ezek. 13:17.
[3] This shows what is meant by the daughters of the nations, such as by the daughters of the Philistines, the daughters of Egypt, the daughters of Tyre and Sidon, the daughters of Edom, the daughters of Moab, the daughters of the Chaldeans and Babel, and the daughters of Sodom. They mean affections for evil and falsity, from which their varieties of religion sprang, and so mean those varieties themselves. That this is the meaning of ‘daughters’ becomes clear from the following places: In Ezekiel,
The daughters of the nations will lament over Egypt. Wail over the multitude of Egypt, and send her down, her and the daughters of majestic nations, to the lower earth, together with those who go down to the pit. Ezek. 32:16, 18.
‘The daughters of majestic nations’ stands for affections for evil. In Samuel,
Tell it not in Gath; publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon, lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised exult. 2 Sam. 1:20.
In Ezekiel,
You committed whoredom with the sons of Egypt. I delivered you to those who hated you, the daughters of the Philistines. Before your badness was revealed, as at the time of the reproach of the daughters of Syria, and of all round about her, the daughters of the Philistines who despise you from round about. Ezek. 16:26, 27, 57.
Anyone may see that not daughters were meant here but the varieties of religion among such people as are meant by the Philistines – those who speak repeatedly of faith yet do not at all pursue the life taught by faith, see 1197, 1198. This also explains why they are called ‘the uncircumcised’, that is, devoid of charity.
[4] In Jeremiah,
Go up to Gilead and take balm, O virgin daughter of Egypt! Make for yourself vessels of migration, O inhabitant daughter of Egypt. The daughter of Egypt has been put to shame; she has been delivered into the hand of the people from the north. Jer. 46:11, 19, 24.
‘The daughter of Egypt’ stands for the affection for reasoning from facts about whether truths of faith really are true, and so stands for the variety of religion which springs from this, the nature of which is to believe nothing except that grasped by the senses, and so to believe nothing of the truth of faith, see 215, 232, 233, 1164, 1165, 1186, 1385, 2196, 2203, 2209, 2568, 2588. In Isaiah,
He said, You will no more exult, O oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon. Isa. 23:12.
In David,
The daughter of Tyre with an offering, the rich of the people will entreat your face. Ps. 45:12.
What ‘the daughter of Sidon’ and ‘the daughter of Tyre’ mean is evident from the meaning of Sidon and Tyre, dealt with in 1201. In Jeremiah,
Rejoice and be glad, O daughter of Edom. Your iniquity, O daughter of Zion, is at an end. He will no more cause you to migrate; your iniquity will be punished, O daughter of Edom. Lam. 4:21, 22.
In Isaiah,
Like a wandering bird, a scattered nest, will the daughters of Moab be. Isa. 16:2.
In the same prophet,
Come down and sit on the dust, O virgin daughter of Babel; sit on the ground without a throne, O daughter of the Chaldeans. Sit quietly and go into darkness, O daughter of the Chaldeans, for no more will they call you the mistress of kingdoms. Isa. 47:1, 5.
In Jeremiah,
A people coming from the north, arrayed as a man for war against you, O daughter of Babel. Jer. 50:41, 42.
In the same prophet,
The daughter of Babel is like the threshing-floor; it is time to thresh her. Jer. 51:33
In Zechariah,
Ho, Zion! escape, you who dwell with the daughter of Babel. Zech. 2:7.
In David,
The daughter of Babel has been laid waste. Ps. 137:8.
In Ezekiel,
Your sisters, Sodom and her daughters will return to their condition as of old, and Samaria and her daughters will return to their condition as of old. Ezek. 16:55.
[5] Anyone may see that in these places ‘daughters’ is not used to mean daughters but affections incompatible with truth, and so the varieties of religion that spring from them. But which particular varieties they are is evident from the meaning of those peoples – from the meaning of Edom, Moab, the Chaldeans, Babel, Sodom, Samaria, all of which have been dealt with in various places in the explanations to previous chapters of Genesis. From this what is meant in the present chapter by ‘the daughters of the Canaanites’ becomes clear.
[6] This command not to contract marriages with the daughters of the Canaanites also had regard to the spiritual requirements that good should not be joined to falsity, nor evil to truth, for the result of any such joining together is profanation. The prohibition was also a representative of the matter referred to in Deut. 7:3, and in Malachi,
Judah has profaned the holiness of Jehovah, in that he loved and married the daughter of a foreign god. Mal. 2:11.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 3622
3622. ‘Like these of the daughters of the land’ means because they are not from that ground, that is, from truths which the genuine Church knows. This is clear from the meaning of ‘the daughters of the land’ as Churches, for ‘the daughters’ means affections for good and truth, 2363, and ‘the land’ means the region where the Church is situated, and so means the Church itself, dealt with in 662, 1066, 1067, 1262, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118 (end), 2928, 3355. ‘The daughters of the land’ accordingly means the goods and truths of the Church.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 4185
4185. ‘The daughters are my daughters, and the sons are my sons, and the flock is my flock’ means that all affections for truth, all truths and goods were its own. This is clear from the meaning of ‘daughters’, who in this case are Rachel and Leah, as affections for truth, dealt with in 3758, 3782, 3793, 3819; from the meaning of ‘sons’ as truths, dealt with in 489, 491, 533, 1147, 3373; and from the meaning of ‘flock’ as goods, dealt with in 343, 1565, 2566. The fact that intermediate good laid claim to these as its own is self-evident, for Laban said ‘the daughters are my daughters, and the sons are my sons, and the flock is my flock’.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 4429
4429. ‘To see the daughters of the land’ means to get to know the affections for truth, and the Churches which arise from these. This is clear from the meaning of ‘seeing’ as getting to know, dealt with frequently already; from the meaning of ‘the daughters’ as affections, and consequently Churches, dealt with in 2362, 3024, 3963; and from the meaning of ‘the land’, in this case the land of Canaan, as that area where the Church is, and therefore also the Church itself, dealt with in 662, 1066, 1067, 1262, 1733, 1850, 2117, 2118, 2928, 3355, 3686, 3705.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 4677
[2] It has been stated already in 3301 that ‘a tunic’ means the truth of the natural, but as this meaning was not substantiated there from other places in the Word, let these be mentioned here. Because kings in the Jewish Church represented the Lord as regards the Divine Spiritual or Divine Truth, 2015, 2069, 3009, 3670, their daughters therefore wore tunics of various colours, for ‘daughters’ meant affections for good and truth, and so meant Churches, 2362, 3963. The following is said of them in the second Book of Samuel,
On Tamar, David’s daughter, there was a tunic of various colours, for virgin daughters of the king wore such clothes. 2 Sam. 13:18.
They offer sacrifice on mountain-tops and burn incense on hills, under oak. and poplar, and hard oak, because its shade is good. Therefore your daughters commit whoredom, and your daughters-in-law commit adultery. Shall I not punish* your daughters, in that they commit whoredom and your daughters-in-law in that they commit adultery? Hosea 4:13, 14.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 4843
[2] This refers to the worship of evil and falsity, the worship of evil being meant by ‘offering sacrifices on mountain-tops’ and the worship of falsity by ‘burning incense on hills’. A life of evil is meant by ‘daughters committing whoredom’, and the teaching of what is false from which a life of evil results is meant by ‘daughters-in-law committing adultery’. As regards acts of adultery and whoredom in the Word meaning adulterations of what is good and falsifications of what is true, see 2466, 2727, 3399. ‘Daughters-in-law’ therefore stands here for affections for falsity.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 6729
6729. ‘And the daughter of Pharaoh went down’ means the kind of religion practised there. This is clear from the meaning of ‘the daughter’ as an affection for truth and good, and from this as the Church, dealt with in 2362, 3963, and in the contrary sense as an affection for falsity and evil, and from this as the kind of religion that springs from them, 3024. Here the kind of religion that springs from false factual knowledge is meant because the daughter is Pharaoh’s; for ‘Pharaoh’ here represents false factual knowledge, 6651, 6679, 6683, 6692. In the Word Churches are meant by ‘daughters’, as may be recognized from the very many places in which the Church is called the daughter of Zion, and the daughter of Jerusalem. The false religions of quite a number of nations are also meant by ‘daughters’, as is evident from the places where those religions are called daughters, for example, the daughter of Tyre, Ps. 45:12; the daughter of Edom, Lam. 4:22; the daughter of the Chaldeans and of Babel, Isa. 47:1, 5; Jer. 50:41, 42; 51:73; Zech. 2:7, Ps. 137:8; the daughter of the Philistines, Ezek. 16:27, 57; the daughter of Tarshish, Isa. 23:10. ‘The daughter of Egypt’ is spoken of in Jeremiah,
Go up to Gilead and take balm, O virgin daughter of Egypt! Make for yourself vessels of migration, O inhabitant daughter of Egypt! The daughter of Egypt has been put to shame; she has been delivered into the hand of the people from the north. Jer. 46:11, 19, 24.
‘The daughter of Egypt’ stands for an affection for reasoning that relies, since a negative attitude of mind reigns, on factual knowledge – reasoning whether the truths of faith are indeed true. Thus she stands for the kind of religion which springs from that reasoning, a religion in which there is no belief in anything except what is false.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 6775
6775. ‘And the priest of Midian had seven daughters’ means holy things belonging to that Church. This is clear from the meaning of ‘a priest’s daughters’ as things that belong to the Church, for ‘a daughter’ means a Church, see 2362, 3963, 6729, and ‘a priest’ the good of love, 1728, 3670, 6148, so that ‘a priest’s daughters’ means a Church so far as its good is concerned; from the meaning of ‘Midian’ as people who are guided by the truths that go with simple good, dealt with just above in 6773; and from the meaning of ‘seven’ as that which is holy, dealt with in 395, 433, 716, 881, 5265, 5268. Thus ‘the priest of Midian had seven daughters’ means holy things belonging to the Church among those who are guided by the truths that go with simple good. The people said to be governed by simple good are those who keep up the external practices of the Church and who in simplicity take the Word literally, each one believing it according to his own understanding. They also lead lives that accord with what they believe, and so are governed by good, depending on the nature of that good, which is determined by the truths that guide them. That good brings an internal dimension of the Church to these people, but because they are not guided by truths of a more internal kind, the good entering in becomes something general and accordingly vague, since spiritual light is unable to fall on particular aspects and thereby illuminate things distinctly. The kind of people spoken of here have heaven granted to them in the next life as determined by the nature of their good, which depends on their truths. People such as these are meant here by ‘Midian’; but properly speaking they are those outside the Church who lead a good life in keeping with their type of religion.
Arcana Coelestia (Elliott) n. 8993
8993. ‘And when a man sells his daughter to be a female slave’ means an affection for truth springing from natural delight. This is clear from the meaning of ‘a man’s daughter’ as an affection for truth, for an affection is meant by ‘daughter’, dealt with in 2362, 3963, while truth is meant by ‘a man’, 3134, as it also is by an Israelite, whom ‘a man’ refers to here, 5414, 5879, 5951, 7957, 8234; and from the meaning of ‘a female slave’ as an external or natural affection, dealt with in 2567, 3835, 3849. Consequently ‘a man’s daughter sold as a female slave’ means an affection for truth springing from natural affection and delight.
[2] By natural delight one should understand delight emanating from self-love and love of the world. The people with an affection for truth emanating from these kinds of love are those who learn the teachings of the Church, called the truths of faith, either for the sake of gain or for the sake of important positions, and not for the sake of the life they should lead. Since affections such as this do not emanate from spiritual good but from natural delight they are represented by the daughter of an Israelite man sold as a female slave or servant-girl. For whatever owes its origin to self-love or love of the world is not freedom but slavery.
Apocalypse Explained 395 (Tansley)
[8] Because cloaks and mantles signified Divine truth in general, therefore:
“Virgins, the king’s daughters, were apparelled with mantles of divers colours” (2 Sam. xiii. 18).
Virgins, the king’s daughters, signified the affections of truth, and thence the church, as is evident from a thousand passages in the Word where a king’s daughter, the daughter of Zion, and the daughter of Jerusalem, and also the virgin Zion, and the virgin Jerusalem, are mentioned; therefore the king’s daughters also represented the truths of that affection by garments, and in general by mantles, which thence were variegated with divers colours. So also truths from good, or truths from affection, are represented by the garments of virgins in heaven; which truths are more fully described by the garments of the king’s daughters, in David (Ps. xlv. 8, 9, 13, 14).